This document provides an analysis of the use of licence plate number (LPN) information and automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) technologies in electronic fee collection (EFC), through the description of the legal, technical, and functional contexts of LPN-based EFC. It also provides an associated gap analysis of the EFC standards to identify actions to support standardized use of the identified technologies, and a roadmap to address the identified gaps. The gap analysis in this document is based on use cases, relevant regulations, standards and best practices in the field of EFC, based on the European electronic toll service (EETS)[27] model. Examples of licence plate number (LPN)-based tolling schemes are given in the informative Annex A.