This International Standard specifies general requirements and describes methods for evaluating and testing the performance of object detection systems (ODS) and visibility aids (VA) used on earth-moving machines. It covers the following aspects: - detection and/or visibility of objects including people in the detection zone; - visual, audible, or both warnings to the operator and if appropriate to the persons in the detection zone; - operational reliability of the system; - compatibility and environmental specifications of the system. It is applicable to machines as defined in ISO 6165. ODS, VA or both can be used to augment the operator s direct vision (see ISO 5006) or indirect vision using mirrors (see ISO 14401) or to provide additional means of object detection, for example, where ergonomic considerations limit the effectiveness of direct vision and to avoid repeated turning of the head and upper body.