ASTM E2994-21 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Method)
| Standard number: | E2994-21 |
| Released: | 01.12.2021 |
| Status: | Active |
| Pages: | 15 |
| Section: | 03.05 |
| Keywords: | atomic emission spectrometry; GD-AES; glow discharge; spark; Spark-AES; titanium; titanium alloys; |
1.1 This test method describes the analysis of titanium and its alloys by spark atomic emission spectrometry (Spark-AES) and glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (GD-AES). The titanium specimen to be analyzed may be in the form of a disk, casting, foil, sheet, plate, extrusion, or some other wrought form or shape. The elements and ranges covered in the scope by spark-AES of this test method are listed below.
| Element | Tested Mass Fraction Range (%) |
| Aluminum | 0.008 to 7.0 |
| Chromium | 0.006 to 0.1 |
| Copper | 0.014 to 0.1 |
| Iron | 0.043 to 0.3 |
| Manganese | 0.005 to 0.1 |
| Molybdenum | 0.014 to 0.1 |
| Nickel | 0.006 to 0.1 |
| Silicon | 0.018 to 0.1 |
| Tin | 0.02 to 0.1 |
| Vanadium | 0.015 to 5.0 |
| Zirconium | 0.013 to 0.1 |
1.1.1 The elements oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, niobium, boron, yttrium, palladium, and ruthenium, were included in the ILS but the data did not contain the required six laboratories. Precision tables were provided for informational use only.
1.2 The elements and ranges covered in the scope by GD-AES of this test method are listed below.
| Element | Tested Mass Fraction Range (%) |
| Aluminum | 0.02 to 7.0 |
| Carbon | 0.02 to 0.1 |
| Chromium | 0.006 to 0.1 |
| Copper | 0.028 to 0.1 |
| Iron | 0.09 to 0.3 |
| Molybdenum | 0.016 to 0.1 |
| Nickel | 0.006 to 0.1 |
| Silicon | 0.018 to 0.1 |
| Tin | 0.022 to 0.1 |
| Vanadium | 0.054 to 5.0 |
| Zirconium | 0.026 to 0.1 |
1.2.1 The elements boron, manganese, oxygen, nitrogen, niobium, yttrium, palladium, and ruthenium were included in the ILS, but the data did not contain the required six laboratories. Precision tables were provided for informational use only.
1.3 The elements and mass fractions given in the above scope tables are the ranges validated through the interlaboratory study. However, it is known that the techniques used in this standard allow the useable range, for the elements listed, to be extended higher or lower based on individual instrument capability, available reference materials, laboratory capabilities, and the spectral characteristics of the specific element wavelength being used. It is also acceptable to analyze elements not listed in 1.1 or 1.2 and still meet compliance to this standard test method. Laboratories must provide sufficient evidence of method validation when extending the analytical range or when analyzing elements not reported in Section 18 (Precision and Bias), as described in Guide E2857.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.